CBIES AUTOMOTIVE|Application And Expansion Of 5M1E Quality Management Tool
As we know, there are many factors affecting product quality on the production site. In order to adapt to the needs of quality analysis, people have summarized the six most important factors affecting product quality, they are 5M1E: man, machine, material, method, environment and measurement. Let's share the application and expansion of 5M1E thinking in this order:
A.What is a 5M1E?
B.5 Application of M 1 E in quality analysis;
C.Expanding application of 5M1E Thinking in field problems.
First, let's introduce what is 5M1E. It is the content of quality management theory, which contains six main factors affecting quality,
a) Person (Man): the operator's understanding of quality, technical proficiency, physical condition, etc.;
b) Machine (Machine): the precision and maintenance status of machinery and equipment and measuenvironment instruments;
c) Material (Material): the composition, physical properties, and chemical properties of the material;
Method d) (Method): including the production process, equipment selection, operation procedures, etc.;
e) Measurement (Measurement): mainly refers to whether the method taken in the measurement is standard and correct;
f) Environment (Environment): temperature, humidity, lighting, and cleaning conditions of the working site;
The above is a refined summary of the six influencing factors.
So, how to control these six influencing factors, we will talk about some specific content and control measures of the six factors:
The First factor: is the operator factor (man)
man analysis:
Skills? Is it a question of selecting the candidates? Is it insufficient training? Is there a responsible person? Do people adapt to the environment? Do people understand the way? Do people know the material?
Main control measures:
(a) The production personnel meet the post-skill requirements and pass relevant training and assessment.
(b) For the special process, the professional knowledge and operation skills of the special process and the inspection personnel shall be clearly defined, and those who pass the examination shall work with certificates.
(c) The operator can strictly abide by the company system and strictly follow the process documents, and be seriously responsible for the work and quality.
(d) The inspection personnel can strictly conduct the inspection in accordance with the process procedures and the inspection instructions, make the original inspection records, and submit them according to the regulations.
The Second factor: is the machine and equipment factor (machine)
Analysis of the machine:
Refers to the auxiliary production appliances such as the equipment and tools used in the production. In production, the normal operation of equipment and the quality of tools are other factors that affect production progress and product quality.
Is the selection right? Maintenance problem? Is the matching correspond to the machine?
The main control measures are:
(a) There are complete equipment management measures, including equipment purchase, circulation, maintenance, maintenance, verification, etc., that are clearly stipulated.
(b) All the provisions of the equipment management measures are effectively implemented, with the equipment ledger, equipment skills files, maintenance and verification plan, and relevant records, and the record contents are complete and accurate.
(c) Production equipment, inspection equipment, tooling tools, means environment instruments, etc., all meet the requirements of the process regulations and can meet the requirements of the processing capacity. If the processing conditions change with time, they can be timely adjusted and compensated to ensure the quality requirements.
(d) Production equipment, inspection equipment, tooling tools, means environment instruments, and so on are in good condition and controlled state.
The third factor: is the material factor (material)
Analysis of materials:
Is it real? Is the model right? Did you enter the factory for inspection? Does the use meet the specification?
The main control measures are:
(a) Have a clear and feasible management system of material procurement, storage, transportation, quality inspection, and other aspects, and strictly implement it.
(b) Establish the feed inspection, warehousing, storage, identification, and distribution system, conscientiously implement it, and strictly control the quality.
(c) The raw materials or semi-finished products transferred to this process must meet the provisions of the technical documents.
(d) The processed semi-finished products and finished products shall meet the quality requirements and shall be marked by batch or serial number.
(e) There are control measures for the unqualified products, with clear responsibilities, and can effectively isolate, identify, record, and handle the unqualified products.
(f) Production material information management is effective, and the quality problems can be traced back.
The fourth factor: is the factor of the process method (method)
Analysis of method:
Is it done by the law? See what you know? Do you understand what you write? Is the method suitable? Is there any law? Is the method being given to the corresponding person? Is the method going down in this environment?
The main control measures are:
(a) The process layout is scientific and reasonable to ensure that the product quality meets the requirements.
(b) Can distinguish between the key processes, special processes, and general processes, effectively establish the process quality control points, and can clearly identify the processes and control points.
(c) Have formal and effective production management measures, quality control methods, and process operation documents.
(d) The main procedures have operating procedures or operation instructions, and the operation documents put forward specific technical requirements for personnel, tooling, equipment, operation methods, production environment, process parameters, etc. In addition to clarifying the process parameters, the special process procedures should also make specific provisions on the control method of the process parameters, the sample preparation, the working medium, the equipment, and the environmental conditions.
The Fifth factor: is the environmental factor (environment)
Analysis of the environment:
Has the environment changed in the timeline? Is the light, temperature, humidity, altitude, and pollution degree considered? Is the environment safe?
The main control measures are:
(a) The management system of environmental sanitation on the production site.
(b) Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light shall meet the requirements of the production technical documents.
(c) There are relevant safety and environmental protection equipment and measures in the production environment, and the health and safety of employees meet the requirements of laws and regulations.
(d) Keep the production environment clean, neat, and orderly, with no sundries unrelated to the production. The 5S-related requirements can be used for reference.
(e) Materials, semi-finished products, appliances, etc., shall be placed and stored neatly.
(f) Relevant environmental records can be effectively filled in or obtained.
The Sixth factor: measured factor (measurement)
Analysis of measurement:
Are the process inspection and planning documents ready? Is the process means the environment instrument is fully equipped? Does the performance meet the requirements? Do you measure regularly? Is the inspection plan reasonable? Are the inspectors well qualified? Is the inspection point reasonable?
Main control measures include:
(a) Determine the measurement task and the required accuracy, and select the used test equipment with the required accuracy and precision ability.
(b) Confirm, calibrate and adjust all measurement and test equipment regularly.
(c) Provide the necessary calibration procedures. Its contents include the equipment type, serial number, place, verification period, verification method, acceptance method, acceptance standard, and the measures to be taken in case of problems.
(d) Keep the calibration records.
(e) If the measurement and test equipment is found to be not in the calibration state, the validity of the previous measurement and test results shall be immediately evaluated, and recorded in the relevant documents.
The above is the application method of 5M1E in quality management, so can it be expanded in general field management? We think that the answer is yes. These six factors still apply to many scenarios in the field.
Let's give you an example when the forwarder arranges to pick up the goods, it will ask what requirements the driver has. If we dismantle it from the 6-factor perspective, then the factors can be summarized as follows:
（a）Person: Does the driver have a nucleic acid test within 48 hours;
（b）Machine: whether the vehicle meets the national six emission requirements;
（c）Material: whether the goods are packaged, whether the label is posted, and whether the test report is provided;
（d）Method: whether the loading process requires special tools, whether the transportation process needs waterproofing;
（e）environment: whether there is rain or fog on the day of loading;
（f） Test: whether the factory has load-beta environment facilities;
In other words, any link involving field management can be used by using 5M1E to dismantle the related factors. It is not limited to quality analysis but also applies to multiple scenarios of field management. It is not so much a tool of quality as a way of thinking.
The above expansion of 5M1E in the field management is for readers' reference. I hope this thinking can help us to classify and summarize the factors in the production, so as to guide our management practice.
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